Bloom’s Taxonomy Level 3: Application
Using the knowledge gained in Levels 1 and 2
The third level of Bloom’s taxonomy has to do with using previously learnt information or knowledge and applying it in familiar as well as new situations to solve problems.
It goes beyond recalling facts (level 1) and showing insight (level 2).
Level 3 learning outcomes require an even higher level of understanding. It is the first step in moving from theory (knowledge) to practice (skill).
Action required:
When asked to apply knowledge, the student is expected to put to use information in response to real-life contexts. Information acquired in levels 1 and 2 has to be used to solve problems and produce results.
Applying knowledge often involves practical skills. Knowing that becomes knowing how as you put theory into practice. That way students become active participants in their own learning.
At this level Therapeutic Massage students become competent in a variety of skills expected of a health professional:
1. Profession-specific skills – massage techniques, stretching, bolstering, assessment skills (observation, palpation etc.), interviewing skills.
2. Business skills – setting up a business.
3. Administrative skills – setting up a practice, establishing recording and filing systems.
4. Professional skills – cognitive skills including critical thinking, problem-solving, planning, strategic thinking, clinical reasoning and pattern recognition.
5. Affective skills – team work, interpersonal communication skills, self-regulation.
6. Work-based skills – computer literacy, professional communication skills, information literacy skills.
7. Academic literacy skills – e.g. doing research, academic writing skills, presentation skills.
Objectives:
The student must be able to:
1. Demonstrate the use of knowledge in new and in familiar situations.
2. Apply rules, methods, concepts, principles, laws, and theories to new situations.
Given all the pertinent data, you are required to recognise which set of principles ideas, rules, equations, or methods should be applied.
3. Solve problems
Once the principle is identified, you recall the appropriate knowledge (levels 1 and 2 skills) to solve the problem.
4. Implement solutions to problems
In the next step the solution to the problem is put into effect.
5. Carry out a procedure
Theory and practice also come together when the student is asked to demonstrate an established or correct method of doing something. This can be done either practically, verbally or in written form.
Key words:
Typically questions testing application will start with the following verbs:
Apply
To put to use.
To make use of something to achieve a result
For example:
Apply the principles of intelligent touch as described by Andrade and Clifford in Outcome-Based Massage to illustrate the concept of evidence-based massage therapy.
Apply skin rolling technique.
Practice
To do something, especially exercises, repeatedly in order to improve performance.
Demonstrate
To explain or describe how something works or how to do something.
For example:
Demonstrate the following massage techniques: effleurage, pettrisage and friction.
Demonstrate the correct way of draping for a pregnant patient.
Assess
To examine something in order to judge or evaluate it.
For example:
Visually assess the patient to establish the presenting postural pattern.
Determine
To decide or settle something conclusively. To find out or ascertain something, usually after investigation.
For example:
Predict the expected outcome of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) on a muscle.
Predict
To say what is going to happen in the future, often on the basis of present indications or past experience and or knowledge.
For example:
Taking into account the principles of myofascial release technique, predict the results of its application on the fascial and the nervous system.
Relate
To find or show a connection between two or more things.
For example:
Relate the massage techniques listed in Column A to the statements in Column B:
Column A Column B
a. Effleurage 1.Vertical focus
b. Pettrissage 2.Rhythmical kneading
3. Gliding movement
4. Warm up muscle before deeper work
Report
To give information about something that has happened.
To give detailed information about research or an investigation
For example:
Report your findings following a physical assessment of the patient.
Report on the latest findings regarding the benefits of massaging cyclists immediately after a sports event.
Show
To explain, demonstrate, or prove something in a logical way.
For example:
Use examples to show ways in which a patient may use gestures to convey information about areas of discomfort and pain.
Show the attachment sites for the following muscles: …
Sources:
http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/researchskills/dalton.htm
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