Mastery of Subject Matter
The first level of Bloom’s taxonomy has to do with mastering subject matter. Knowledge represents the lowest level of learning outcomes in the cognitive domain. The majority of the short questions in a written assessment is usually pitched at the knowledge level e.g. multiple choice, true or false, select the most appropriate answer, match the terms in column A to the definitions in column B. However this does not mean level 1 questions are simple or undemanding. So do not underestimate them and read the instructions carefully.
Students are required to recognise, observe, remember or recall previously learnt information without necessarily understanding, using, or changing it. You are only required to bring the appropriate information to mind. In order to do that you have to be able to memorize some information.
Questions are asked to test whether you have gained specific information from a lecture or a course. Information may range from specific facts to complete theories.
The student must be able to:
1. Recall knowledge of specific facts.
For example: Per Henrik Ling is associated with 1) Shiatsu 2) Chinese massage 3) Swedish massage 4) Shamanic massage
2. Recall knowledge of common terms / terminology.
For example: Have you memorized the names and actions of specific muscles? Do you know the signs and symptoms of TB? Do you know the difference between transference and counter-transference?
3. Recall knowledge of the main ideas, concepts and principles.
For example: Can you define the term therapeutic? And informed consent? What about proprioception?
4. Recall knowledge of methods and procedures.
For example: Do you know the steps required to deal with bodily fluid spilt in the therapy room?
5. Recall ways and means of dealing with specifics (conventions, trends and sequences, classifications and categories, criteria, methodology).
For example: Do the know how to write up a bibliography? Have you memorized the different types of connective tissue?
6. Give an outline of a topic
For example: Can you name the different parts of the autonomic nervous system?
Key words:
Typically questions testing knowledge will start with the following verbs:
Name
To provide the word, term, or phrase by which something is known and distinguished from other things.
For example:
Name the muscles of the rotator cuff.
Name three introductory techniques that a massage therapist can employ.
Identify
To recognise somebody or something and to be able to say who or what he, she, or it is. To consider two or more things as being entirely or essentially the same.
For example:
Identify the muscles of the rotator cuff.
List
To arrange a series of related words, names, numbers, or other items one after the other.
For example:
List three reasons why a massage therapist uses a lubricant.
List the procedure to follow when blood or any other bodily fluid has been spilt in the therapy room.
List four possible survival mechanisms that abused patients might present with.
Enumerate
To name a number of things on a list one by one.
For example:
Enumerate the muscles of the rotator cuff.
Enumerate five basic principles of draping.
Locate
To find or pinpoint where something is.
For example:
Locate the muscles of the rotator cuff on the diagram provided / by pointing to the muscle’s location on the human body.
Select
To choose something from among several others. The types of questions that fall under this category include:
Underline the correct word or phrase.
For example:
The Allied Health Professional Council issues registration numbers OR practice numbers OR licence numbers to health care workers.
Depth of pressure is the result of the use of upper body strength OR leverage and leaning on the body.
Multiple choice questions - you have to select the appropriate answer from the several options provided.
For example:
The legal age for a patient to consent to a Therapeutic Massage treatment, is: 1) 14 years 2) 16 years 3) 18 years 4) 21 years
In medical terminology, the prefix poly- means around OR many OR surrounding.
Recall
To remember something or bring something back to mind.
For example:
Recall the muscles of the rotator cuff.
The South African primary health care system is based on the following system: 1) biomedical 2) alternative 3) allopathic 4) biopsychosocial
Practice numbers to health care workers is issued by: 1) Board of Health Care Funders 2) Medicine Control Board 3) Allied Health Professional Council 4) Massage Therapy Association
Describe
To give an account of something by giving details of its characteristics.
For example:
Describe the rotator cuff.
Describe the emotional benefits of touch.
Describe the procedure that a massage therapist has to follow when cleaning up body fluid spills such as vomit and blood from massage bed and floor.
Define
To state or describe something exactly. To identify something by a distinctive characteristic, quality or feature. To give the precise meaning of a word or expression.
For example:
Define professional touch.
Define the term entrainment.
Define myocardial infarction.
Label
To attach a label to something as identification or to describe something using a particular word or phrase.
For example:
Label the bones identified in the diagram.
Match
To find something that makes a suitable accompaniment.
For example:
Match the term with the definition that best describes it.
Record
To put something into a form in which it can be stored e.g. to write something down, save on a computer or film it. To make a note of something for future reference.
For example:
After completing the visual assessment of the patient, record you observations.
(Note that the question does not require you to interpret the information but merely to write down what it is that you had seen.)
State
To express something in spoken or written words. To assert, articulate or express something.
For example:
State why a massage therapist is required to get informed consent from a patient.
State a function of the thyroid gland.
Levels of knowledge questions
As stated before, knowledge questions can be simple or may require more detail.
For example:
Simple: Label the muscles of the rotator cuff.
Extended: Label the muscles of the rotator cuff and list each muscle 1) antagonist, 2) agonist and 3) synergist.
Simple: True or False? The terms alternative health therapies and complementary health therapies can be used interchangeably
Extended: Is the statement true or false and justify your answer? The terms alternative health therapies and complementary health therapies can be used interchangeably
Simple: True or False? The terms alternative health therapies and complementary health therapies can be used interchangeably
Extended: Is the statement true or false? Justify your answer. The terms alternative health therapies and complementary health therapies can be used interchangeably
Examples of activities testing knowledge
For example:
Make a list of the main events in the history of massage as a profession in the West.
Make a timeline of events indicating the history of massage since antiquity.
Make a chart showing the flow of blood through the heart.
Sources:
http://www.teachers.ash.org.au
http://www.corrosion-doctors.org
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